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Creating a future moon base could be made much easier by using a 3D printer to build it with local materials. Industrial partners including renowned architects Foster + Partners have joined ESA to test the feasibility of 3D printing using lunar soil. Credit: ESA, Foster and Partners
British engineers are developing a process that will be used to extract oxygen from lunar dust, leaving behind metal powders that could be 3D printed into building materials for a moon base.
It could be a first step towards the creation of an extra-terrestrial oxygen extraction plant. This would help enable exploration and sustain life on the Moon while avoiding the huge cost of shipping materials from Earth.
The oxygen generated would be used primarily to make rocket fuel, but it could also supply air to lunar colonists.
The project is part of ESA’s preparations to establish a permanent and sustainable lunar presence. The astronauts will live and work on the Moon, where they will help develop and test the technologies needed for more distant missions in deep space.
Lunar regolith, the thin layer of dusty rock that covers the Moon, is not that different from minerals found on Earth. By weight it contains about 45% oxygen which binds to metals such as iron and titanium, making it unavailable.
The British company Metalysis has already developed a mineral extraction process that is used by industries on Earth to produce metals for production.
Earlier this year, it was shown to work well with simulated lunar regolith.
ESA researcher Alexandre Meurisse and Beth Lomax of the University of Glasgow produce oxygen and metal from simulated moon dust within ESA’s Electrical Materials and Components Laboratory. Credit: ESA – A. Conigili
The electrochemical process takes place in a specially designed chamber: those used for research are about the size of a washing machine. The oxygen-containing material is immersed in a molten salt, heated to 950 ° C. A current is then passed through, which triggers the extraction of oxygen and migration through the liquid salt to collect in an electrode, leaving behind a mixture of metal powders.
As part of the current project, Metalysis engineers are fine-tuning the technique taking into account its lunar application.
The big difference is that, on Earth, the oxygen generated is not necessary, but in space it will be the most important product of the process. This means that it must be designed to produce as much gas as possible.
Engineers will tinker with the process by adjusting the electrical current and reagents to increase the amount of oxygen, trying to reduce the temperature needed to produce it. This will help reduce the required energy, which is already a premium on the Moon.
They will also work to reduce the size of the chamber in which the process takes place so that it can be transported efficiently to the Moon.
On the left side of this before and after image is a mound of simulated lunar soil, or regolith; on the right is the same stack after essentially all the oxygen has been extracted from it, leaving a mixture of metal alloys. Both oxygen and metal could be used in the future by colonists on the moon. Credit: Beth Lomax – University of Glasgow
In parallel, ESA and Metalysis challenged innovators to develop an in-process monitoring system that could be used to track oxygen production in future lunar mining facilities.
“A few years ago we realized that the seemingly irrelevant byproduct of our process of extracting Earth’s minerals could have far-reaching applications in space exploration,” says Ian Mellor, CEO of Metalysis.
“We look forward to continuing to explore with ESA and our industrial partners how to prepare our Earth technology for space.”
“This exciting project is part of ESA’s broader space resources strategy that will help us demonstrate how material already on the Moon can be used sustainably to support long-term space efforts,” says Advenit Makaya, l ESA materials engineer overseeing the project.
“The project will help us learn more about the Metalysis process and could also be a stepping stone to establishing an automated pilot oxygen plant on the Moon, with the added benefit of metal alloys that could be used by 3D printers to create materials. from construction. “
“In the future, if we want to travel a lot in space and create bases on the Moon and Mars, then we will have to create or find the things necessary to sustain life: food, water and breathable air, ”says Sue Horne, head of space exploration at the British Space Agency.
“Metalysis’ involvement in a program that aims to do just that, by producing oxygen on a lunar environment, will showcase the UK’s space credentials on the world stage and help unlock discoveries that bring future space exploration closer.”
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