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When there was that belief prevailing at the end of the first half of the nineteenth century that the future would be better and that the Arabs, because they are “one nation”, would have a “united empire”, but the great shock that the subsequent ones received Arab generations was that the Arab world has been described as “from the roaring ocean to the rebellious Gulf” that has been torn apart in what is now the situation, and there are more than 20 countries that no longer gather except the Arab League, which was set up to be a structure for the countries and peoples of this Islamic nation, which was described in the Holy Quran as “You were the best nation that brought people out, enjoining good, forbidding what is wrong and believing in God “.
On April 7, 1947, 3 people met in Damascus, Michel Aflaq, Salah al-Bitar, and the brigade in reference to Major General Zaki al-Arsuzi, Alexandretta, and founded the “Baath” party under the slogan “One Arab Nation” as an attempt to unite all Arabs, within the framework of a single state. And freeing the entire Arab world that is still occupied.
The dreams of the “Baath” party were rosy and beautiful, and after Akram Al-Hourani joined it in 1952, he was able to form branches for it in many Arab countries, such as Jordan, Iraq, Lebanon … and Yemen ( north), and then became the most important Arab nationalist party. He managed to expand into some African Arab countries, and the fact that at that stage the belief prevailed among many that the desired unity would surely be achieved, especially after the merger of Egypt and Syria under the leadership of Gamal Abdel Nasser, and there he became the so-called “United Arab Republic”.
But what brought Arab nationalist dreams from heaven to earth is that this unity declared in February 1958 collapsed and ended in a military coup on September 28, 1961, and the fact that the end of this unity so quickly and in this way he dealt a severe blow. Despite all the unitary aspirations, especially since all subsequent attempts were doomed to catastrophic failure, even the two countries ruled by one party, the Baath party, which was soon plagued by divisions and disintegrations thereafter, and there was the “resurrection of the ‘Iraq “and the” resurrection of Syria “and” the resurrection of Ali Saleh “. Al-Saadi »and others !!
It is well known that the “virus” of that dissociative phase did not stop at a single “resurrection”. In addition to “resurrecting” Syria and “resurrecting” Iraq, there has been a resurrection of the “Salah Jadid group” and others, and the fact that this political epidemic has affected most of the formations of that phase. described as the “Muslim Brotherhood” emerged from their womb, the “Islamic Liberation Party” led by Sheikh Taqi al-Din al-Nabhani, and the Arab Nationalist Movement led by Dr. George Habash soon became “warring parties” “; The Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine and the Democratic Front led by Nayef Hawatmeh, as well as many branches, soon disappeared for good and were “forgotten”.
Furthermore, the split also struck with its sharp sword the Communist Party and the Yemeni Socialist Party, which emerged from the womb of the Arab Nationalist Movement, from whose womb many formations emerged, and similar to what the Baath Party ended up with, and ended all Nasserist formations and all resistance factions, including the Fatah ‘Movement’, which gave birth to the “Abu Nidal Group”, the Naji Alloush group and the Nimr Saleh (Abu Saleh) group, together with Abu Khaled al-Amla and Abu Musa who they were, and where they formed what they called “Fatah” the uprising, whose end and the end of those who formed it were truly tragic.
What all this means is that the “dream of unity”, which had haunted most Arabs, and this if not all of them, parties, organizations, resistance factions and countries, has turned from its beginnings into terrifying nightmares, although some Arabs were not convinced they differed much more. From what was agreed, in fact, fierce wars broke out between their countries, more serious than the Arab-Israeli wars that began with the war of 1948 and which have continued until now.
The reason, the cause of the Arab division, is that the Arabs remained under Ottoman rule for about 400 years or more, and during this long and heavy period they lost the factors of their unity, and as soon as they got rid of the Ottomans, they submitted to the Western colonialism which handed over Palestine to the Israelis, and which “divided” them as shares for the colonial countries For the British and the French in particular, and separated them culturally, and obviously economically and politically, and it is known that when the colonialists left and their direct rule was gone, their economic, cultural and political control had remained in this region for many years.
The important thing is that after the Arabs gained their independence and started to feel the means and methods of their unity and formed their national and national parties, it was proved that separatism and regionalism were still dominating some of them. , and this is not for all of them, and the evidence is that Egyptian-Syrian unity did not stand in the face of regionalism at all, and that the Baath party which raised In its first formative conference in 1947, the slogan “One nation Arab … with an eternal message “had turned against the United Arab Republic, and later could not unite the two” countries “in which he ruled, the Syrian Arab country and the Iraqi Arab country, and which he had transformed into” Two missions “at war; The Syrian Ba’ath movement after the February 1966 movement and the Iraqi Ba’ath, which had organized its second coup in 1968, and so the conflict between the two sides of this one continued , up to its reverse iation with the overthrow of Saddam Hussein and his regime in 2003.
Furthermore, it is known that the Iraqi-Jordanian unity that took place between Iraq and Jordan during the reign of Faisal II and Hussein bin Talal in 1958 was overthrown in a bloody coup on July 14 of the same year, that is, in 1958, in which the young man who was In the height of his youth and with him the entire royal family, and therefore the unity of the two fraternal countries, ruled by two truly promising young people and the Hashemite family, whose leader Sharif Hussein bin Ali declared a revolution against the Ottoman rule, the presence of which ended in the Levant, Mesopotamia and Hijaz on the island The Arab in that early period, which has become distant.
Consequently, what is meant by this long “brief” is that the Arabs have satisfied their unity, which all their peoples have been looking forward to, with the Arab League, which has in fact achieved some cultural, economic and even military achievements. , but what has been shown during all these long years and all their tragedies That the desired unity has not been achieved, even if minimal, and that the painful thing is that “Khomeinist” and “Khamenei” Iran has arrived. to “occupy” 4 large Arab countries, namely Iraq, Syria and Lebanon … and part of North Yemen, and this adds to the hegemony of Turkey Erdoganism is against “fraternal” Qatar, militarily and politically … and all, and controls part of Libya. This, while Israel still occupies all of Palestine, and with it the Syrian Golan Heights, and here it is certain that things could have been worse and tragic if there had not been all these strenuous efforts that some Arab countries have continued to undertake politically , economically and even militarily, in a sense. Announced and otherwise not announced.
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