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The constituent components of nucleotides are nitrogenous bases, pentose sugar and one or more phosphate groups. When these three subunits combine, a nucleotide called the monophosphate nucleoside is formed.
Nucleotides are monomers of nucleic acids that have many functions in cell metabolism. These organic compounds act as monomers for nucleic acids, namely deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA). Both are important biomolecules that make up living things.
In addition to that, nucleotides also function as monomers of a number of cofactors. Namely, a non-protein compound that acts as a molecule that aids the biological activity of its protein. Such as KoA, FMN, NAD +, FAD and NADP.
Nucleotide components
When we zoom in on the DNA, it enters the cell nucleus, then exposes the chromosomes and sees a thin double strand. As you zoom in further, you will see single strands made of small materials called nucleotides.
Nucleotides also exist on their own and can be part of molecules other than DNA. For example, the energy-carrying ATP is a nucleotide form.
The series of three nucleotides in DNA is a codon. It then directs the proteins into the cell so that they always bind to certain proteins to other DNA sequences.
Launched by Wikipedia, nucleosides are compounds made up of heterocyclic nitrogen bases and pentose sugars. Hence, nucleotides also consist of a nucleoside and a phosphate group. For more details, see the following review of the constituent components of nucleotides.
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Basa Nitrogen
The nitrogenous base is the central information that carries part of the nucleotide structure. These molecules have different functional groups and the ability to interact with each other.
These nitrogenous bases are adenine (A), cytosine (C) and guanine (G) in DNA and RNA. The convenience of Thymine (T) that we can find in DNA and Uracil (U) which replace Thymine in RNA.
Furthermore, this nucleotide component is also used for short-term bases. Their name derives from the fact that they are alkaline, non-acidic and contain several nitrogen atoms.
Nucleotides can pair with each other, such as stosine pairs with guanine and adenine pairs with thymine on DNA or RNA.
Gula Pentosa
The nucleotide component is pentose sugar which is a 5-carbon monosaccharide with the formula (CH2O) 5. Which forms two groups, namely aldopentosis and ketopentosis. While pentose sugar in the nucleotides is aldopentosis.
This sugar is found between DNA and RNA. Since the sugar in the DNA is deoxyribonucleic acid which contains deoxyribose. While the sugar in RNA is ribonucleic acid which contains ribose.
The structural difference between the components of this nucleotide constituent is the ribonucleic acid which contains the hydroxyl group (-OH). So deoxyribonucleic acid only contains hydrogen atoms instead of hydroxyl groups.
Nucleotides that contain deoxyribonucleic acid are known as deoxyribonucleotides. They contain ribonucleic acid called ribonucleotide. Then the sugar molecule determines whether the nucleotide is part of the DNA or RNA molecule.
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Phosphate group
Another building block of the nucleotide is a phosphate group, which differentiates nucleotides from nucleosides. This addition will change the nucleoside that was originally alkaline to become acidic. This phosphate group is important because it forms phosphodiester bonds with the pentose sugar to create the “ladder” side of the DNA.
The constituent components of the nucleotides are also very important because the hydrogen bonds that join the nitrogen base are not very strong. This side of the scale is hydrophilic or attracted to water, allowing DNA to bind to water.
This phosphate is also a phosphorus atom bonded to four oxygen atoms. The bonds between phosphates are high-energy and serve as energy reserves. When the bonds are broken, the energy produced can be used to work.
Nucleotides can also become monophosphate nucleosides when many phosphates bind to nucleotides. Furthermore, it can also be nucleoside diphosphate (two phosphate bonds) or nucleoside triphosphate (three phosphate bonds) such as adenosine triphosphate (ATP). ATP is an essential component of respiration and photosynthesis among other processes.
This is the nucleotide component you need to know. Of the three series of components called nucleic acids. One example is how DNA stores information in human cells. (R10 / HR online)
Publisher: Jujang
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