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3-D: Short for three-dimensional. This term is an adjective for something that has characteristics that can be described in three dimensions: height, width and length.
astronaut: Someone trained to travel to space for research and exploration.
cell: The smallest structural and functional unit of an organism. Typically too small to see with the naked eye, it consists of an aqueous fluid surrounded by a membrane or wall. Depending on their size, animals are made up of thousands to trillions of cells. Most organisms, such as yeasts, molds, bacteria and some algae, are composed of only one cell.
chitin: A hard, semi-transparent substance that is the main component of the exoskeletons of arthropods (such as insects). A carbohydrate, chitin, is also found in the cell walls of some fungi and algae.
composite: A material made using two or more different building blocks, which together produce something with new and better characteristics. Carbon fiber reinforced polymers are one example. Embedded in these tough, tough plastics are tiny carbon fibers. Engineers use these plastics to build lightweight bodies for racing cars and airplanes, among other things.
compound: (often used as a synonym for chemistry) A compound is a substance that is formed when two or more chemical elements join (bind) in fixed proportions. For example, water is a compound consisting of two hydrogen atoms bonded to one oxygen atom. Its chemical symbol is H.2OR.
concrete: To be solid and real. (under construction) A simple two-part building material. Part of it is made up of sand or rock fragments. The other is concrete, which hardens and helps bond the grains of material together.
density: The measure of how condensed an object is, found by dividing its mass by its volume.
engineering: The field of research that uses mathematics and science to solve practical problems.
habitat: The area or natural environment in which an animal or plant normally lives, such as a desert, coral reef or freshwater lake. A habitat can host thousands of different species.
insect: A type of arthropod that as an adult will have six segmented legs and three body parts: a head, chest, and abdomen. There are hundreds of thousands of insects, including bees, beetles, flies, and moths.
Mars: The fourth planet from the sun, just one planet out of the Earth. Like the Earth, it has seasons and humidity. But its diameter is only about half that of the Earth.
materials scientist: A researcher who studies how the atomic and molecular structure of a material is related to its overall properties. Materials scientists can design new materials or analyze existing ones. Their analyzes of a material’s overall properties (such as density, strength, and melting point) can help engineers and other researchers select the most suitable materials for a new application.
metal: Something that conducts electricity well, tends to be shiny (reflective) and malleable (meaning it can be reshaped with heat and not too much force or pressure).
template: A simulation of a real world event (usually using a computer) that has been developed to predict one or more likely outcomes. Or an individual who is meant to show how something would work or look at others.
relationship: The relationship between two numbers or amounts. When written, numbers are usually separated by a colon, for example 50:50. This would mean that for every 50 units of one thing (left) there would also be 50 units of another thing (represented by the number on the right).
red planet: A nickname for Mars.
regolith: A thick layer of weathered soil and rock
resistance: (in physics) Something that prevents a physical material (such as a block of wood, water flow or air) from moving freely, usually because it provides friction to prevent it from moving.
seashell: The hard, protective outer shell of a shellfish or crustacean (such as a mussel or crab), a bird egg, or other relatively soft fabric that needs protection (such as a walnut or peanut). (in ammunition) An explosive projectile, bomb, grenade, or other projectile.
Singapore: An island nation located just off the tip of Malaysia in Southeast Asia. Formerly an English colony, it became an independent nation in 1965. Its approximately 55 islands (the largest being Singapore) encompass around 687 square kilometers (265 square miles) of land and are home to over 5.3 million people.
fatigue: (in physics) Pressure or tension exerted on a material object.
technology: The application of scientific knowledge for practical purposes, especially in industry – or the devices, processes and systems that result from these efforts.
three-dimensional printing (3-D): The creation of a three-dimensional object with a machine that follows the instructions of a computer program. The computer tells the printer where to deposit successive layers of certain raw materials, which can be plastics, metals, food or even living cells. 3-D printing is also called additive manufacturing.
I decline: All materials that have remained from biological systems or others that have no value, so they can be disposed of as garbage or recycled for new use.
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