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The Eastern Hemisphere is witnessing the first solar eclipse of this year on Sunday morning 29, which is observed annularly in a narrow strip in the far south and south-east of Saudi Arabia, Yemen and the Sultanate. Oman, while it is partly seen in varying proportions in large areas of the Arab world.
The annular eclipse path will begin at a site near the city (Imbegunda) in northeastern Republic of the Congo at (04:47 AM GMT), and from there the annular eclipse will head east to cross the Democratic Republic of Congo, South Sudan, Ethiopia and Eritrea before crossing the Red Sea to the southern Arabian Peninsula, then it will depart for the Gulf of Oman heading to southern Pakistan and northern India and then to China before reaching Taiwan, and then depart for the Philippine Sea, provided the annular eclipse ends at (08:47 GMT) with sunset over the Pacific Ocean after the voyage continues. 3 hours and 45 minutes.
The eclipse is partly observed in the Arab capitals with variable rates, in Abu Dhabi (87.3%), Cairo (34.3%), Manama (75.0%), Kuwait (61.3%), Muscat (97.6%), Jerusalem (35.6%), Amman (36.1%). ), Sana’a (97.2%), Baghdad (44.5%), Damascus (33.1%), Beirut (31.2%), Doha (79.8%), Tripoli (09.6% ), Khartoum (75.7%), Tunisia (03.1%), Algeria (00.4%), Mogadishu (54.2%), Djibouti (89.3%) and Moroni (17.9%).
In general, this annular eclipse will be deep, as the moon will cover the sun’s disk at a speed (99%), which means that the ring will be very thin, which will make this eclipse exceptional. It is caused by sunlight flowing fast between the mountains, valleys and the different terrain on the surface of the moon, and this will form something like pearls that sparkle around the edge of the moon, creating a spectacular view of observers along the narrow path of the eclipse. annular.
According to the Astronomical Society of Jeddah, it is ironic that the eclipse at the beginning of its path will continue in ring form for one minute and 22 seconds, but in the middle of its peak at the border of India, Nepal and China it will drop to 38 seconds. while at the end of that path the duration will increase to one minute and 17 seconds.
The explanation for this is that when the moon is close to the horizon, it is far from the observer’s position on the Earth’s surface compared to when it is high in the sky, plus the moon is relatively close to the earth while the sun is very far away. , therefore the apparent size of the moon changes significantly during the day while the apparent size of the sun does not change.
Therefore, when an annular eclipse occurs near the horizon in the early morning or before sunset, the moon takes longer to cross the sun’s disk, which causes the annular eclipse to take a longer period, but if an annular eclipse occurs at noon, the moon takes less time to cross the solar disk, and this makes the duration of the eclipse. The ring finger is shorter.
During this eclipse, the apparent diameter of the sun will be smaller (1.6%) than the average, while the apparent diameter of the moon will be (1.8%) less than the average, so it will not be able to cover the entire disk of the sun, so observers in areas located in the path of the annular eclipse will be able to see The moon will fall directly in front of the sun, but it will not cover it completely because the moon will be far from the earth and its apparent size will not be large enough, therefore there will remain a bright ring around the moon called a “ring of light”.
The reason for this is that the moon moves in an elliptical orbit and not completely circular, so it sometimes moves away from the earth and closes at other times, and on the day of the eclipse the moon will have passed seven days from its perihelion and seven days before the apogee, so it will be The apparent diameter of the lunar disk is less than average, so the moon will not be able to cover the entire disk of the sun and annular eclipses will occur.
Observing the solar eclipse requires special eye safety equipment, such as the use of eclipse goggles that block more than 99.99% of sunlight, ultraviolet and infrared rays or filters (filters) for telescopes, binoculars and cameras that show the sun as an orange or white disk in a dome The sky.
Scientifically, annular eclipses will be used to make observations on the meteorological and surface conditions before and after the eclipse, as these data help to better calculate the amount of energy hitting the upper atmosphere, the amount of what is reflected in the space and the amount of geothermal energy sent into space.
In addition to studying the effect of an annular eclipse on the ionosphere above the earth’s atmosphere and thus the behavior of the propagation of radio waves, the Doppler effect data is collected by radio amateurs on that day from different countries by means of receivers (HF ) and then analyze that data.
It is said that two weeks after this annular eclipse, the third lunar eclipse will occur on the evening of Sunday 5th July (Dhu al-Qi’dah 1441), which is a semi-shadow eclipse, but will not be seen in the sky of Arabia. Saudi and Arab world.
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