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COVID-19 :
It still exists many uncertainties surrounding COVID-19, although new characteristics of the pathogen are gradually becoming known. Now, a study published in the Journal Clinical Medicine establishes a classification into four groups based on severity the patient crosses.
Under the title ‘Prediction of clinical outcomes with phenotypic clusters in COVID-19 pneumonia: an analysis of 12,066 hospitalized patients from the Spanish SEMI-COVID-19 registry ‘, was performed by hundreds of internists of the Spanish Society of Internal Medicine (SEMI) after analyzing 12,066 patients hospitalized for SARS-CoV-2 infection.
the Dr Manuel Rubio-Rivas, an internist, SEMI member and first signer of the scientific paper, explains in 20 minutes that the study distinguishes “Four clinical subtypes of hospitalized patients, just taking into account the symptoms. According to the doctor, among them, there is two with a poor prognosis and “hospital mortality” and two others with a better prognosis, e almost everyone has a fever, cough and shortness of breath.
First group: ICU admissions and higher mortality rates
They belong to this group 72.4% of patients who participated in the research. They presented the most common symptoms of the disease: fever, cough and wheezing. As for the characteristics of the patients, they were generally elderly men with a higher prevalence of pathologies, whose symptoms worsened rapidly. Therefore, one in 10 patients in this group had to be admitted to an intensive care unit (ICU)and a quarter of them died.
Second group: ICU admission and lower mortality rates
This second group it is much more in the minority, since it represents 9.9% of patients. These presented ageusie (difficulty detecting taste) e anosmias (loss of smell), which may also be accompanied by other symptoms characteristic of the first group (fever, cough and / or dyspnoea). The big difference is this the UCi admission rate and mortality are significantly lower and it is the one with the lowest percentages among the four.
Third group: combination of symptoms
880 patients were included here, representing 7.3% of the total. Patients presented with combination of symptomssuch as joint and / or muscle pain, headache and sore throat and even fever, cough and / or wheezing. As revealed in the study, 10.8% of the people classified in this group had to be admitted to intensive care.
Fourth group: high mortality
This group consisted of approximately 1253 patients, 10.4%. It consisted of infected people who have developed diarrhea, vomiting and abdominal pain, as well as fever, cough and / or dyspnoea. his The ICU admission rate is much lower than in the third group (8.5%), but their percentage of mortality is the second highest of all groups (18.6%).
Triad of symptoms
The call “Triad” of symptoms (fever, cough and dyspnoea), it is present in the vast majority of hospitalized patients. Although the patients with the worst course are those who he had only these symptoms and no other additions, like lack of smell, taste, headache, sore throat or muscle pain.
Another factor that depends on the severity of the disease is the existence of previous pathologies. So, in the study, they point out some of the same: arterial hypertension (50%), hyperlipidemia (39%) and diabetes mellitus (19%).
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